Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps 2015 case definition. Transmission to humans usually occurs by inhalation of aerosolized viruscontaminated rodent excreta. Spiropoulou cf, morzunov s, feldmann h, sanchez a, peters cj, nichol st. Includes disease information, the purpose of reporting and surveillance, legal reporting requirements, and resources such as case definition, reporting form. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome outbreak in argentina. In 1993, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the four corners region in the southwestern united states. The development of hps hantavirus pulmonary syndrome and hfrs hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome can be fatal. Experimental evaluation of rodent exclusion methods to reduce hantavirus transmission to residents in a native american community in new mexico. The black creek hantavirus, carried by the cotton rat, is found in the southeastern us. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps symptoms, treatment. Communicable disease management protocol hantavirus pulmonary syndrome august 2015 3 infected with the andes virus 5, 14, 15.
There are several other ways rodents may spread hantavirus to people. The virus is in the saliva, feces and urine of infected rodents and anyone who comes into frequent contact with rodents or their droppings are at risk. Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantavirus is at risk of hps. Prodromal symptoms include flulike symptoms such as fever, cough, muscle pain, headache, and lethargy. Genome structure and variability of a virus causing hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is found in north, central and south america. The pulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may be due to a direct cellular effect of viral infection, the presence of viral antigen in pulmonary capillary endothelium, or a. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe, sometimes fatal, lung infection characterized by flulike symptoms that can progress rapidly. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome diagnosis and treatment. Jan 15, 2019 padula pj, edelstein a, miguel sd, et al. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps florida department. Today, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is widely recognized as a distinctive clinical entity.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute and often fatal respiratory illness primarily found in the americas. Hantavirus cases, symptoms, transmission and treatment. Depending on the hantavirus strain, the mortality rate for the north american variety of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be more than. Other potential routes of transmission are rodent bites, touching the. To date, humantohuman transmission has only been described for the andes hantavirus. A new study evaluates the epidemiology of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. In chile and argentina, rare cases of persontoperson transmission have.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. The clinical syndrome of hps or hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome was first recognized in 1993 and has since been identified throughout the united states. It is characterized by a sudden onset of shortness of breath with rapidly evolving. In connection with last years epidemic, a research team at umea university in sweden has managed for the first time to show that hantavirus exists in human saliva. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome investigation disease history first officially diagnosed in in u. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an infectious disease caused by hantaviruses sin nombre hantavirus in most of the us. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 1995 case definition. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is an infectious disease characterized by flulike symptoms that can progress rapidly to potentially lifethreatening breathing problems it is one of two potentially fatal syndromes of zoonotic origin caused by species of hantavirus. The disease was first identified as being caused by the sin nombe virus in the four corners area where borders of new mexico, arizona, utah, and colorado join in 1993. Although it is still very rare with only around 160 cases to date, hps is extremely dangerous with a 50% mortality rate. The transmission of hantavirus is caused by contamination via animals urine, faeces, and saliva travel in the air or an infected individual.
Serious outcomes of flu infection are hospitalization or death. In the united states, the actual disease caused by hantavirus that can prove fatal in about three out of 10 cases are called hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. People can become infected with a hantavirus through contact with hantavirusinfected rodents or their saliva, urine andor droppings. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome refers to an acute respiratory disease caused by the sin nombre virus. Being a hemorrhagic disease, when infection by hantavirus leads to hantavirus pulmonary. Jun 27, 2011 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe respiratory illness identi. Jan 27, 2016 article a unique hantavirus has been identified as the cause of the outbreak of respiratory illness hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps first recognized in the southwestern united states in may 1993. The habitat of the principal rodent reservoir for this virus, peromyscus maniculatus deer mouse, extends throughout most of the united states.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome virginia department of health. If a rodent with the virus bites someone, the virus may be spread to that person, but this type of transmission is rare. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. Jun 12, 2019 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become lifethreatening. From 1993 through 2011, cdc has received reports of 587 cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the united states. In new york state, there have been two identified cases of hantavirus both in suffolk county, one in 1995 and another in 2011. Rodents infected with hantavirus do not become ill, but.
Depending on which virus causes hfrs, death occurs in less than 1% to 15% of patients. The existence of new clinical paradigms and, indeed, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, or hps, is a new disease and specific laboratory tests has allowed rapid progress in our understanding of hantavirus disease in the americas. The biological basis for persontoperson transmission of andv requires definitive characterization. In the united states, the causative agent is the sin nombre virus carried by deer mice. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the primary risk for hantavirus exposure. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome reporting and investigation. Hantaviruses are known to cause two serious and often fatal human diseases. Learn about hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps transmission, symptoms, treatment, complications, and prevention.
The biological basis for personto person transmission of andv requires definitive characterization. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, united states, 19932009. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome disease reference guide. Viruses in the genus hantavirus can cause one of two serious illnesses when transmitted from rodents to humans. Activities associated with increased risk for hps include handling grain contaminated with mouse droppings and urine, planting or harvesting field crops 16, occupying or cleaning rodentinfested. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a respiratory disease that is a severe form of the infection and can be fatal. Treatment of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome sciencedirect. The high rate of mortality could be reduced if effective therapeutics could be discovered for treatment. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps was first described in north america in 1993 1,2. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can quickly become lifethreatening. Hantavirus prevention card 4x7 pdf english spanish. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, commonly referred to as hantavirus disease, is a febrile illness characterized by bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates and respiratory compromise requiring supplemental oxygen and simulating adult respiratory distress syndrome ards.
Each type of hantavirus has a preferred rodent carrier. Sporadic cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps, a severe cardiopulmonary illness first identified in 1993, continue to be recognized in the united states 1,2. The virus is transmitted to humans by inhaling infected rodent urine, droppings or saliva. The mode of transmission of andes hantavirus is not yet known. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps causes, symptoms. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a type of hemorrhagic disease. In chile and argentina, rare cases of persontoperson transmission have occurred among close contacts of a person who was ill with a type of hantavirus called andes virus. There is evidence of people dying of the disease at least back to 1959.
In 1996, investigation of a hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps outbreak in southern argentina found evidence of persontoperson transmission of a hantavirus. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome nord national organization. Fever, myalgia and gi complaints followed by the abrupt onset of respiratory distress and hypotension with rapid progression to severe respiratory. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome resources notifiable. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a disease transmitted by rodents. Several other hantaviruses are capable of causing hantavirus infection in the us. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome genetic and rare diseases. Retrospective diagnosis of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, 19781993. Being a hemorrhagic disease, when infection by hantavirus leads. Aerosolization of viruses shed in infected rodents droppings, urine or saliva.
Transmission study of andes hantavirus infection in wild. Persontoperson transmission of andes virus in hantavirus. Here we can discuss all about what is hatnavirus and how its spreading what is its meaures to take how we can save each other and what peoples trying to find out what is the hantavirus. A person infected with the new world hantavirus in the american continents can develop a condition known as hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groupsthighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in argentina, 19952008. Early signs of hantavirus, treatment, prevention, test. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute viral disease with a relatively short 35 days prodrome of fever, myalgias muscle aches, headache, and gastrointestinal complaints followed by the abrupt onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome ards and hypotension. Of the two diseases, hps is more severe with an approximate 40% mortality across the americas. Exposure characteristics of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Transmission occurs when direct or indirect airborne contact is made with the saliva or waste products of rodents that carry the virus, most commonly the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus. Aug 30, 2012 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, respiratory disease caused by infection with a hantavirus. Several different types of hantaviruses that can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps have been identified in the united states and each is associated with a different rodent species.
The presence of infected rodents in and around the home environment is the primary risk factor for infection. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome symptoms and causes mayo clinic. Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantaviruses is at risk of hps. In america, hantaviruses are mainly carried by sigmodontine rodents. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome symptoms and causes mayo. Hantavirus is a family of viruses that spread by rodents. Identify the most common setting for exposure to hantavirus among cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the current study disclosures as an organization accredited by the accme, medscape, llc, requires everyone who is in a position to control the content of an education activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome differential diagnoses. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is an acute viral disease characterized by a relatively short 35 days prodrome of fever, myalgias muscle aches. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps chest foundation. Hantavirus infection and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. This report describes the investigation of two cases of sin nombre virus snvassociated hps involving feedlot workers in a single household during mayjune 1995, and summarizes.
Rodents that carry hantavirus hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hpsplus icon. These include black creek canal virus bccv, new york orthohantavirus nyv, monongahela virus mglv, sin nombre orthohantavirus snv, and certain other members of hantavirus genera that are native to the united states and canada. For a hantavirus to cause hps, the virus must travel from the rodents that. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe and potentially fatal respiratory disease. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome united states, 1995 and 1996. Many species can cause illness in people including hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome hfrs and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. A unique hantavirus has been identified as the cause of the outbreak of respiratory illness hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps first recognized in the southwestern united states in may 1993. In new york state, there have been two identified cases of hantavirus. People can become infected with a hantavirus through contact with hantavirus infected rodents or their saliva, urine andor droppings. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a potentially severe disease of the. There may also be headaches, dizziness, chills, and abdominal problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus. Read about symptoms, treatment, diagnosis, complications, and prevention. The majority of these occurred or had exposure in the western united states.
Although it is still very rare with only around 160 cases to date, hps is extremely dangerous with a. Influenza or flu is a viral respiratory illness, mainly spread by droplets made when people with flu cough, sneeze or talk. The cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is inhaling airborne particles of infected rodent urine, droppings, and nesting materials that contain the virus. Limited transmission via humantohuman contact has since been shown in hantavirus outbreaks in argentina. Utilization of autopsy rna for the synthesis of the nucleocapsid antigen of a newly recognized virus associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a rare but potentially lifethreatening viral illness. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe respiratory illness identi. Infection with hantavirus can progress to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps, which can be fatal. A major outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome caused by persontoperson transmission of andes virus epuyen, southwestern argentina. Jun 12, 2019 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a severe, sometimes fatal, lung infection characterized by flulike symptoms that can progress rapidly. Depending on the hantavirus strain, the mortality rate for the north american variety of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome can be more than 30%. Blood pressure drops and organs begin to fail, particularly the heart. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rare but serious infection that can become life threatening if it isnt treated.
June 2017 hantavirus infection and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome immediately reportable disease per n. Hantavirus exposure is most common in the western united states, with the highest number of cases found in new mexico, colorado, arizona, california, and washington state. The symptoms can be like those of the flu, and they can get worse quickly. Information and resources for public health and healthcare professionals on hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is a severe, respiratory disease caused by infection with a hantavirus. Martinez vp, bellomo cm, cacace ml, suarez p, bogni l, padula pj. They found their way into the room through a crackdeer mice can squeeze. Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps has emerged as a new infectious disease in the united states. Centers for disease control and prevention, atlanta, georgia 30333. The pulmonary manifestations of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome may be due to a direct cellular effect of viral infection, the presence of viral antigen in pulmonarycapillary endothelium, or a. As the lungs fill with fluid, breathing becomes more and more difficult. Although rare, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome hps is frequently fatal, with a case fatality rate of 36%. According to the cdc, the mortality rate of hps hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, one of the diseases caused by the virus is as high as 36%. The new york hantavirus, carried by the whitefooted mouse, is associated with hps cases in the northeastern us.
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